ERIC Number: EJ1244844
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2020-Mar
Pages: 12
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0278-7393
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
Turning Languages on and off: Switching into and out of Code-Blends Reveals the Nature of Bilingual Language Control
Emmorey, Karen; Li, Chuchu; Petrich, Jennifer; Gollan, Tamar H.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, v46 n3 p443-454 Mar 2020
When spoken language (unimodal) bilinguals switch between languages, they must simultaneously inhibit 1 language and activate the other language. Because American Sign Language (ASL)-English (bimodal) bilinguals can switch into and out of code-blends (simultaneous production of a sign and a word), we can tease apart the cost of inhibition (turning a language off) and activation (turning a language on). Results from a cued picture-naming task with 43 bimodal bilinguals revealed a significant cost to turn off a language (switching out of a code-blend), but no cost to turn on a language (switching into a code-blend). Switching from single to dual lexical retrieval (adding a language) was also not costly. These patterns held for both languages regardless of default language, that is, whether switching between speaking and code-blending (English default) or between signing and code-blending (ASL default). Overall, the results support models of bilingual language control that assume a primary role for inhibitory control and indicate that disengaging from producing a language is more difficult than engaging a new language.
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), Task Analysis, Second Language Learning, Language Processing, Psycholinguistics, Oral Language, American Sign Language, Inhibition, Cues, Pictorial Stimuli, English, Role, Participant Characteristics
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: National Institutes of Health (DHHS)
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: R01HD047736; DC011492
Author Affiliations: N/A