Recognizing the potential of online student question-generation to engage language learners in communicative activities and use the target language in a personally meaningful way for language and learning motivation development, an experimental study examining the English learning effects of this approach, in comparison to an online drill-and-practice strategy, was conducted. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. Four sixth-grade classes (N = 106) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to different treatment groups. An online learning system supporting the various learning activities was adopted. The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) showed that students in the online student question-generation group performed significantly better in English assessments and exhibited higher learning motivation than those in the contrast group. The significance of this study and suggestions for instructional implementation and future works are also presented.