Poor sleep in adolescents is a global health problem. This study examined Chinese adolescents' sleep quality types by using a person-centered approach and examined the associations of adolescent sleep quality types with psychological characteristics and health risk behaviors. Using data from 1,310 Chinese adolescents (53.7% male; mean age = 13.48 years) and latent class analyses, four distinct sleep quality types were identified: good sleepers (26%), fair sleepers (55%), short sleepers (8%), and poor sleepers (11%). These types of sleepers exhibited differences in their psychological characteristics and health risk behaviors. Good sleepers displayed the best psychological health (highest self-esteem, life satisfaction and positive well-being, and fewest depressive symptoms), followed by short sleepers, fair sleepers, and poor sleepers. Good sleepers were least likely to have suicidal thoughts. Short sleepers were most likely to be physically inactive. Poor sleepers were most likely to drink alcohol and have suicidal thoughts. The implications are discussed.