The changing of the political and economic systems in Poland ushered in changes in the education system, including special education. After many years of segregation and social exclusion of children with disabilities, ideas of autonomy, normalization, and integration initiated the building of a modern system of education of children and youth. Currently this is the most important challenge for the government, education authorities, and especially teachers themselves. This article describes the historical contexts of special education in Poland and the current model of the special education based on specific legal assumptions.