The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of Aerobic Exercise (AE), Resistance Exercise (RE), and a nonexercise (NE) control on measures of academic achievement (AA) and cognition in 10th grade males and females. This study utilized a randomized crossover design. Tenth grade males and females performed three exercise trials (AE, RE, NE) separated by 7 days each. Immediately following exercise, participants completed a 10-question mathematics test, followed by the Stroop test. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed small but insignificant differences in mean math test performance between RE and NE, F(1,86) = 2.81, p = 0.098, ?[superscript 2] = 0.032, and AE and NE, F(1,86) = 2.03, p = 0.158, ?[superscript 2] = 0.023. Significant differences were found between RE and NE in the Stroop dot test, F(1,86) = 4.31, p = 0.041, ?[superscript 2] = 0.048, and between AE and NE in the Stroop dot test, F(1,86) = 10.402, p = 0.002, ?[superscript 2] = 0.108, and Stroop color test, F(1,86) = 6.85, p = 0.01, ?[superscript 2] = 0.074. In conclusion, acute RE and AE did not significantly improve scores on a test of mathematics, but did improve measures of cognition in comparison to an NE control.