In this commentary on the ZDM special issue: "Cognitive neuroscience and mathematics learning--revisited after 5 years," we explore the progress that has been made since ZDM published a similar special issue in 2010. We consider the extent to which future frontiers and methodological concerns raised in the commentary on the 2010 issue by Grabner and Ansari have been addressed 5 years on. We identify areas of progress as well as issues that continue to require additional research and methodological innovation to make further progress. Finally, we discuss future directions that could lead to significant progress in the interdisciplinary crossroads between cognitive neuroscience and mathematics learning over the next 5 years.