This article presents a new classroom observations analysis tool (CLI-O: Class Learning Interactions--Observation tool). The CLI-O tool enables the collection of various data regarding the use of ICT tools, organization of learning, and teacher-student interactions in the lesson. Several examples demonstrating the use of CLI-O and some preliminary findings derived from this tool are presented. CLI-O was developed in order to answer the question: Is learning in an ICT-based environment characterized by a unique pedagogy expressed, for example, by student-centered pedagogy while the teacher serves as a guide who mediates learning using a variety of technological tools? For example, in lessons observed and analyzed by CLI-O in the present study, a large part of the learning was found to be whole class learning, mainly frontal learning, and the teacher was at the focus of the lesson. CLI-O supplies a systematic description of classroom processes and enables teachers, teacher educators, and researchers to examine the implementation of ICT in teaching and learning and perceive it as a gradual ongoing process of building a new pedagogy tailored to the needs of the 21st century.