More than ever, assessment is in the national spotlight. In this time of state and national learning standards, learning objectives, and various forms of student and teacher accountability, the need for evidence of real student learning in physical education is paramount. There are many potential benefits of conducting assessment properly, including communication, engagement, ownership, value, and reflection. The purpose of this article is to explain and illustrate, using various assessment examples, how tapping into these five potential benefits of assessment can aid the teaching and learning process. Developmentally appropriate assessment tools can support both the teacher and the learner, and can maximize student learning.