Previous research has shown age and gender differences in training, but the results have been mixed and their combined influence is only rarely examined. We fill those gaps by analysing age and gender effects on self-efficacy and training success. Study participants were trainees in an e-learning time- and self-management behaviour modelling training programme. We measured self-efficacy before and after training and time- and self-management behaviour before and 6 weeks after training. We expected the differences between pre- and post-test results to indicate self-efficacy development and we expected differences between pre- and follow-up tests to indicate training success. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that age and gender interacted in both self-efficacy development and training success. A structural equation model confirmed that men and women showed different relationships among age, self-efficacy and training success. Older women showed more positive development compared with older men. We conclude that age and gender should both be considered in future design and training evaluations.