Pedagogical considerations should be guided by empirical, brain-based research on the human information processing system. People build and organize knowledge into a network-like system that connects related information. As learning occurs, learners expand the network to accommodate new information. Instructional strategies can be used to maximize the development of the information-processing network. The authors review classic research investigating how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved; discuss instructor expertise and how it may influence the learning environment; and consider the benefits of peer-to-peer interaction from both the theoretical perspective and through application of these principles in multiple psychology courses.