One in five youth in the United States is a child of an immigrant and children of immigrants are the most rapidly growing segment of the U.S. population under age 18. Consequently, there is a great need to better understand the psychosocial impact of immigration on children's mental health and adjustment. It is striking, however, that research on the mental health consequences of migration has focused on adult adaptation and less on how the migration process impacts children's lives. In summary, the conflicts and adjustments of immigration place children at increased risk for psychosocial problems. This article discusses the challenges facing all immigrant youth, with special attention given to the Hispanic community.