This study seeks to determine if a Midwestern group of diocesan Catholic schools considers it their mission to educate students of all abilities, the extent to which students with special needs are included in the population of Catholic schools, the types of special needs served, how students with special needs are served when included, whether Catholic schools incur additional costs in providing special needs services, and how those costs are met if incurred. An overview of current research is provided, followed by a description of the research process and findings, themes present in the results, exemplary programs, implications for Catholic schools and policymakers, and questions for further study. (Contains 4 tables.)