This NAFSA commissioned research provides comprehensive and balanced information to help stakeholders develop appropriate campus strategies for recruiting and retaining international students. Decisions about third-party pathway partnerships have far-reaching implications for recruitment and admissions, academic services, student support services, and campus leadership. The research informing this report was collected in two phases. Phase One included a review of scholarly and media coverage of pathways and third-party pathway providers. Phase Two focused on the development and fielding of a survey of NAFSA members that was designed to examine the reasons individuals cite for embracing or rejecting partnerships with third-party pathway providers. The survey also explored the language that individuals use in discussing the challenges, opportunities, and concerns related to working with third-party providers.