The primary source of federal aid to elementary and secondary education is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The ESEA was initially adopted in 1965 (P.L. 89-10), and was most recently reauthorized and amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95), which authorized appropriations for ESEA programs through FY2020. Title I-A, which authorizes federal aid for the education of disadvantaged students, is the largest ESEA program. Under Title I-A, the ESEA as amended by the ESSA continues to require states and public school systems to focus on educational accountability as a condition for the receipt of grant funds. The methods by which federal funds are provided to grantees under ESEA programs fall into five general categories. This report discusses and analyzes the current allocation formulas for ESEA programs in the three of these categories. The report begins with a description of general categories of factors used in the ESEA's allocation formulas. This is followed by a detailed description of each program's formula(s). The Appendix discusses how federal funds are appropriated for each of the ESEA formula grant programs and includes the FY2024 appropriations levels for each program.