Women are not given equal opportunity for success in the hard sciences, despite their achievement in integrating into the field. Success in science is related to publications and grant awards, which are easier to attain in leadership positions or with the help of mentors. While women are represented in science, they are underrepresented in leadership positions. In addition to the skewed distribution of leadership, many women experience prejudice, bias, sexual harassment in science, academia, and the professional science workplace. The reporting process is often convoluted and results in little to no repercussions for the abuser. Investigating the downstream effects of opportunity and safety for women in science has been conducted to provide a better future for the next generation of scientists. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]