The purpose of this descriptive-analytic study was to determine instructor and student behaviors associated with instructional effectiveness in physical education. Three systematic observation instruments were used in coding video recordings of five instructors who taught two lessons each in a historically black college/university (HBCU) in the southeastern part of the United States. The instruments used to derive descriptive statistics for all 10 lessons were Physical Education Teacher Assessment Instrument (PETAI), Instrument for Identifying Teaching Styles (IFITS), and the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). The results showed that students attained higher MVPA scores in SOFIT and the instructors generally used the lower cognitive instructional categories of the Spectrum of teaching styles. However, while the instructors recorded low scores in planned presentation, motivational feedback and performance feedback, they constantly engaged in monitoring and instructing their students. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]