Professional advocacy is central to the counselor's professional identity and is essential for counselors to maintain the privilege of serving clients. Despite CACREP requirements for programs to provide training in professional advocacy, counseling students may need more training in this area. This quantitative study examined professional advocacy competence among master's-level counseling students in CACREP-accredited programs. A revised version of the Professional Counselor Advocacy Inventory (PCAI) was created to measure counseling students' competence across knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of professional advocacy. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, regression, and MANOVA were employed to investigate the influence of program type, instruction, and delivery methods on student learning outcomes. Findings revealed that students rated their skills the highest, followed by attitudes and knowledge, while behaviors received the lowest ratings. These findings suggest that while students feel confident in their skills, their engagement in professional advocacy activities may need improvement. Flipped classrooms, service-learning projects, and mentoring were significant predictors of professional advocacy competence, with flipped classrooms having the most substantial impact. However, students reported receiving the most instruction through didactic lectures, followed by faculty modeling, with service learning being the least utilized. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in competence based on program type (i.e., faith-based versus non-faith-based) or delivery methods (i.e., online/hybrid versus in-person). These findings highlight the need for counselor programs to prioritize experiential and interactive instructional strategies to enhance professional advocacy competence. Furthermore, programs should emphasize increasing students' engagement in advocacy behaviors to bridge the gap between perceived competence and active participation. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]