In the past fifty years, governments across the world have experimented with a variety of market-based reforms to improve public service delivery. Market-based policies have been particularly influential in efforts to reform K-12 education governance in the United States. Prominent examples of these reforms include laws establishing public charter schools, private school choice policies, and performance accountability systems based on standardized tests. This dissertation explores the systemic consequences of these reforms on K-12 schools and students in Ohio. The first essay analyzes the cumulative effect of state and federal reforms on private school enrollments in Ohio from 1998 to 2018. The second essay estimates the impact of Ohio's original Educational Choice Scholarship Program, which provides publicly funded vouchers for eligible students to attend private schools, on private school enrollment patterns. Lastly, Essay 3 examines the impact of No Child Left Behind, a major performance management reform passed in 2002, on the distribution of students and resources by economic status across schools within districts in Ohio. Together, these essays explore ways in which education policies in the last two decades have reshaped the educational landscape in Ohio and redefined the roles of different types of schools in educating students. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]