In 2024, the Future Directions for Mathematics Education Research, Policy, and Practice convening identified critical areas of need and opportunity for progress in mathematics teaching and learning. Amidst concerns about declining mathematical achievement and persistent disparities in access to high-quality mathematics education, the convening aimed to define a vision for progress; identify opportunities to leverage new tools, technology, strategies, and partnerships; define current and emerging challenges; and outline concrete recommendations for research, policy, and practice. The convening's content and activities focused on: (1) K-12 mathematics teacher preparation; (2) undergraduate mathematics teaching and learning; (3) meaningful K-12 career pathways; and (4) more inclusive, equity-focused approaches to mathematics education. The convening's recommendations provide a resource for future research, policy, and practice, with a focus on equity, collaboration, and innovation to prepare students for a rapidly changing world.