The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to the education sector, and its ramifications have extended far beyond the extended closure of many American schools. Among other things, they include a substantial enrollment decline in a non-trivial number of public schools across the United States, some of which were already experiencing declining enrollment due to internal migration and declining birth rates. Because public school enrollment has not returned to pre-pandemic levels--and because underlying enrollment trends are negative--it's likely that some public schools will need to be closed in the near future. This report uses data from multiple sources to identify nearly 500 public schools that are under-enrolled, and, according to their states, chronically low-achieving--that is, schools that warrant discussion of closure when that inevitable conversation occurs. [Foreword By Amber M. Northern and Michael J. Petrilli.]