This study examines English and Arabic binomials, identifies the similarities and differences in their semantic features, semantic structure, and semantic relations between the members of binomials. It also investigates translation students' ability to comprehend and translate binomials from English to Arabic and vice versa. It was found that binomials fall into three categories: (i) binomials that exist in English but have no equivalents in Arabic, (ii) those that exist in Arabic but have no equivalents in English and (iii) those that exist, i.e., are similar in both languages. A sample of translations students was given a test consisting of English and Arabic binomials, which they had to translate. Responses were analyzed to find out problematic areas, and strategies they used in translating binomials, especially those with a cultural content. Results are reported in detail, and recommendations for teaching and learning how to translate binomials are given. [This chapter was published in: "Meaning in Translation: Illusion of Precision," edited by L. Ilynska and M. Platonova, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, pp. 281-298.]