The purpose of this study was to examine whether there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in student-athletes' resilience by whether they attended religious or secular higher education institutions. The study utilized data from the 2018 Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership (MSL) survey, which was completed by 8,163 student-athletes at 70 different institutions. The researcher used a confirmatory factor analysis to create the resilience and pre-college factors and an ordinary least squares regression to examine whether there are differences in students' resilience controlling for pre-college demographics and other collegiate variables. The results of the regression analysis suggested that student-athletes who attended religious institutions have significantly (p < 0.05) lower resilience compared to student-athletes who attended secular institutions. A discussion, recommendations for practice, and recommendations for research are included. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]