COVID-19 pandemic lockdown is an emergency period in education where assessment of teaching and learning became inevitable to determine effectiveness of the digital processes used. The objectives of this research are to; (a) investigate the types of assessment used during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria; (b) establish the effectiveness of the assessment tools used for distance/online teaching and learning; (c) identify the challenges of educational assessment during the pandemic era. The research questions include: (a) what are the types of assessment used during COVID-19 pandemic? (b) How effective were the assessment tools? (c) What are the challenges of educational assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic period? The findings on types of online assessment are; online discussion, written assignment, field work/practical tasks, virtual presentation, multiple choice examination questions and quizzes, short questions and answers text messaging, homework hotlines and others . The research identifies ongoing COVID-19 implications on students and the schools as; learning losses and increased inequality, internet connection problems, increased pressure on schools and school system, increased school dropouts, unequalled access to learning due to lack of access to digital learning portals and additional pressure on teachers to acquire digital knowledge update. All these affected proper assessment negatively. The research design include; library information, interview and participatory observation. The research concludes by noting that assessment if properly used can help mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on educational system in Nigeria. It can encourage innovations and flexibility. Thus, the work encourages further discussions among educators, researchers, policy makers and the general public to work towards making sure educational assessments are part of a system to further teaching and learning especially online and to further the pursuit of equity. [For the full proceedings, see ED631133.]