In November 2017, the National Center for Special Education Research in the Institute of Education Sciences convened a group of experts to discuss and provide input on research needs for improving outcomes of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The discussion focused on four major topics of inquiry: (1) What do we know about academic, social, and emotional needs of students with EBD? (2) What do we know about policies, programs, and practices for elementary students with EBD? (3) What do we know about policies, programs, and practices for secondary students with EBD? and (4) What is needed to advance EBD research? This meeting summary covers the key points and recommendations that emerged from the discussion. [This meeting summary was prepared by Rose Li and Associates, Inc.]