ERIC Number: ED630842
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 2023
Pages: 8
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
Auto-Scoring Student Responses with Images in Mathematics
Baral, Sami; Botelho, Anthony; Santhanam, Abhishek; Gurung, Ashish; Cheng, Li; Heffernan, Neil
International Educational Data Mining Society, Paper presented at the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (16th, Bengaluru, India, Jul 11-14, 2023)
Teachers often rely on the use of a range of open-ended problems to assess students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Beyond traditional conceptions of student open-ended work, commonly in the form of textual short-answer or essay responses, the use of figures, tables, number lines, graphs, and pictographs are other examples of open-ended work common in mathematics. While recent developments in areas of natural language processing and machine learning have led to automated methods to score student open-ended work, these methods have largely been limited to textual answers. Several computer-based learning systems allow students to take pictures of hand-written work and include such images within their answers to open-ended questions. With that, however, there are few-to-no existing solutions that support the auto-scoring of student hand-written or drawn answers to questions. In this work, we build upon an existing method for auto-scoring textual student answers and explore the use of OpenAI/CLIP, a deep learning embedding method designed to represent both images and text, as well as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to improve model performance. We evaluate the performance of our method on a dataset of student open-responses that contains both text- and image-based responses, and find a reduction of model error in the presence of images when controlling for other answer-level features. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Mathematical Concepts, Problem Solving, Test Format, Mathematics Tests, Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Learning Management Systems, Scoring, Computer Assisted Testing, Handwriting, Freehand Drawing, Responses, Computer Software
International Educational Data Mining Society. e-mail: admin@educationaldatamining.org; Web site: https://educationaldatamining.org/conferences/
Publication Type: Speeches/Meeting Papers; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: National Science Foundation (NSF); National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Research on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings (DRL); Institute of Education Sciences (ED); Office of Postsecondary Education (ED)
Authoring Institution: N/A
IES Funded: Yes
Grant or Contract Numbers: 1917808; 1931523; 1940236; 1917713; 1903304; 1822830; 1759229; 1724889; 1636782; 1535428; 1440753; 1316736; 1252297; 1109483; DRL1031398; R305A170137; R305A170243; R305A180401; R305A120125; R305C100024; P200A180088; P200A150306; R305A170641
Author Affiliations: N/A