The purpose of this quantitative study is to evaluate the learning outcomes of academic advising, particularly for low income, minority, and first-generation students, as well as how those outcomes relate to persistence. The learning outcomes tool is designed for broad use; it was designed through the same rigorous process as health outcomes instruments. The results demonstrated positive, statistically significant differences in learning outcomes mastery for low-income underrepresented minority students compared to their more represented peers. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]