The major objectives of this study were to review the current policy on and status of open and distance learning (ODL) and technology-enabled learning (TEL) in India; address the wider questions of access, equity and quality vis-à-vis ODL; analyse cost-effectiveness in relation to student success and attrition; and make recommendations for how ODL institutions can improve education quality, student learning outcomes and graduate employability. The review of current policy and practice in relation to issues of access, equity, quality and costs was done using a survey of ODL institutions, data from different institutions, and available studies conducted by Commonwealth of Learning. The report identifies innovations and best practices that institutions adopted as a response to the COVID-19 crisis. The objective of this report is to provide recommendations and concrete actions to enable policy makers and distance education leaders to transform the sector for national development.