This report presents a literature review that was conducted to answer the question -- what can be learned from high performing jurisdictions with respect to scientific literacy? The review intends to build a picture of the education systems, specifically science education, in the five jurisdictions which performed the best in the scientific literacy component of the latest (2018) PISA assessment. These include (in order of best performance, starting with the first: mainland China (Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), Macao (Special Administrative Region of China or S.A.R.), Singapore, Japan and Estonia. Information collated through the literature review was analysed and themes that emerged from the literature were picked out. The report breaks down the findings of each jurisdiction into key themes, starting with the "general education system," which is further sub-divided into important themes such as: stages of education, centralisation of education, curricular reforms. It then talks about each jurisdiction's "science-specific features," further dividing it into sub-themes such as: when students study science and the ages at which science is compulsory, the influence of research on science education, features and aims of the science curriculum. This report highlights that building a whole picture of a jurisdiction's educational performance is a complex endeavour.