The COVID-19 pandemic period confronted schools with new challenges related to school closures and the transition to distance learning, which brought with it several problems and obstacles that schools had to overcome. The main objective of our study is to qualitatively explore the problems and obstacles of distance learning at the first level of primary schools. We were based first on a document of the Czech School Inspectorate and their evaluation of distance learning and other foreign publications dealing with obstacles in distance learning. Based on a qualitative survey based on eight semi-structured interviews, we sought an answer to the research question: "What problems do teachers perceive in the implementation of distance learning?". The analysis of the interviews identified three basic categories: (1) Technical problems; (2) Socialization; (3) Widening the gap; We elaborated these three categories in detail in the results section and illustrated with authentic statements of respondents. As an overarching topic that was intertwined with all the interviews, we identified the issue of teaching effectiveness, which was the actual goal in overcoming the identified obstacles. [For the full proceedings, see ED622227.]