The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the largest nationally representative assessment of what the nation's students know and can do in subjects such as the arts, mathematics, reading, and writing. The results of NAEP are released as The Nation's Report Card. District staff play an essential role in NAEP. Superintendents and district staff can work closely with principals to explain the importance of the assessment to teachers and students selected for participation. When students take part in the assessment and give their best effort, NAEP results provide the most accurate measure possible of student achievement across the country. This brief report describes why NAEP is an integral part of education in the United States, what the NAEP 2016 program will entail, and how NAEP is administered. [For the 2015 edition of "Facts for Districts," see ED555705.]