Educators at all levels around the world were forced to rethink schooling with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. The increased potential for illness and loss of life of students and school personnel caused educators to make a rapid transition to remote learning. The students who struggle in virtual learning environments are not unlike the students who struggle in all face-to-face classroom settings. They are not a homogeneous group; rather, they vary in understandings, skills, and strategies that they have developed and those they need to acquire to be successful in literacy. They are found across all grade levels in urban and rural communities, economically disadvantaged and more affluent school settings, and across all forms of diversity (e.g., socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, linguistic). A significant number of students who struggle with literacy are individuals whose learning challenges are exacerbated by racial and ethnic disparities in health care, inequities in access to digital tools, and limited home support for learning because of families and caregivers' inability to help them or to work remotely. In this brief, the authors identify five challenges students are facing and make recommendations for addressing these challenges.