The Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) was first authorized in 2006 to support efforts to develop and implement performance-based compensation systems for teachers and principals in high-need schools. The authorizing statue specifies that grantees' performance pay systems are to provide incentives based on gains in student academic achievement, classroom evaluations, and other factors and to provide educators with incentives to take on additional responsibilities and leadership roles. This "Results in Brief" shares insight from a study that examined program implementation in the first two cohorts of grantees (2006 and 2007), a total of 33 grantees. All 33 grantees implemented performance pay systems for principals and other school administrators ("principal projects"); 31 grantees also included teachers in their performance pay systems ("teacher projects"). Because the TIF program continued to evolve after the first two cohorts, the grantees studied in the report were responding to somewhat different (and generally more flexible) program requirements than were later cohorts of grantees. This "Results in Brief" highlights the research questions, design, and key findings from the study. [For the full report, see ED613399.]