This chapter will identify and outline current gaps in research into assessment practice and tie the results of the ASSIST-ME project onto this outline. In this way, the chapter will present concrete research vistas that are still needed in international assessment research. The chapter concludes with a key theme that appears across many of the chapters in this volume, namely, issues concerning the "operationalisation" of complex learning goals into teaching and assessment activities. [For the complete volume, "Transforming Assessment: Through an Interplay between Practice, Research and Policy. Contributions from Science Education Research. Volume 4," see ED611936.]