Public school buildings represent the second largest sector of public infrastructure spending in the United States after roads, and approximately 1 in 6 American children or adults spend every weekday in poorly maintained buildings. Many of the problems of school buildings face are not readily apparent on the surface. While issues such as chipped paint, faulty bathrooms or sagging ceilings are easy to see, many schools also face deeper facility issues that are not so readily apparent. Beyond aesthetics, research has shown that facility conditions impact student education environment and achievement, teacher performance and satisfaction, and the social and community environment. The following research brief will discuss each of these areas, as well as address the funding crisis surrounding school buildings.