This is the first report of a Keystone Research Center project on the "Future of Work." The aim is to identify public policies that could help ensure that the application and diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) over the next several decades fosters an economy in which Americans generally thrive. The project is motivated, in part, by concern that the opposite could occur: that AI will exacerbate the already high levels of income and wealth inequality in the United States. This first report contains three main parts. (1) Following an introduction, Sections II-IV consider AI's likely impacts through the lens of technology. Section II reviews past impacts of innovations including robotics and information technology on the economy and jobs. Section III looks at AI itself, how it does and does not go beyond earlier information technology (IT) in substituting for human capacities and intelligence. Section IV explores the difficulties of predicting AI's job impacts. (2) Section V, "The Plight of the American Worker," examines the labor market context in which AI systems will spread and the roots of the economic inequality from which the nation suffers. (3) Section VI surveys policies to influence inequality and the distribution of the benefits of productivity growth as AI spreads.