The analysis of variance (ANOVA) F test is a commonly used method to test the mean equality among two or more populations. A critical assumption of ANOVA is homogeneity of variance (HOV), that is, the compared groups have equal variances. Although it is encouraged to test HOV as part of the regular ANOVA procedure, the efficacy of the initial HOV screening that leads to the choice between the ANOVA F test and robust ANOVA methods (namely, conditional ANOVA) has not been investigated. This simulation study examines the efficacy of conditional ANOVA methods under various research conditions and compares this conditional approach with unconditional ANOVA. Results will provide guidelines for researchers in the selection of an appropriate ANOVA test.