Signed into law on December 10, 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) presents education leaders with a unique opportunity to expand the definition of student success. Compared to the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, ESSA empowers states to make more of the critical decisions related to accountability, school improvement, education spending, and public reporting. Although regulations to guide the new law's implementation are still being finalized, ESSA clearly requires states to broaden the concept of school quality and student success to include factors beyond test scores and graduation rates, suggesting that education systems need to take a more holistic approach to preparing students for college and career. [For the executive summary, see ED605421.]