The State of Maryland has always prided itself on being a leader in higher education. In 2012, the Career and College Readiness and College Completion Act (CCRCCA) set an ambitious goal: that 55% of Marylanders would have at least one degree by 2025. Reaching this goal requires increasing college access and completion across a wide variety of demographic groups. A key component of this is ensuring that all students are prepared to enroll succeed in higher education. This study is designed to examine the impact of college-level remediation on students' success at the postsecondary level. To that end, this series of briefs will specifically focus on students assessed to need remediation in college assessment after a student has completed high school and enrolled in a Maryland public college or university, and examine the effects of remediation on their path through college. Part 2 of the series will examine in greater depth who is assessed to need remedial work. In particular, this brief focuses on age, race/ethnicity, and gender representation in the first-year college and university student population, as well as the data regarding who is assessed to need remediation. As community colleges and four-year public colleges and universities enroll markedly different populations -- given that community colleges are open-access institutions, while four-year public colleges and universities utilize admissions standards that might indicate whether or not an student should be prepared to engage with college-level material. Key takeaways from the brief include: (1) Substantial numbers of students enrolling for the first time in both community colleges and four-year public colleges and universities are assessed to need remediation when entering postsecondary education, although this need is much greater at community colleges than at four-year institutions; and (2) The need for remedial coursework exists across all races/ethnicities, both genders, and age groups, although there are wide variances across subgroups. [For Part 1 of the series, "Remediation in Maryland Higher Education, Part 1: What Is Remediation, and Why Does It Matter?," see ED604255.]