English learners (ELs) are students whose primary language is not English and are eligible for English language development services through the Transitional Bilingual Instruction Program (TBIP). Eligible ELs receive TBIP services until they become proficient in English. During the 2017-2018 school year, 136,357 students were identified as ELs, a 1.6 percent increase from 2016-2017. Total expenditures to support English language development services across the state was $176.4 million, of which $158.7 million was from TBIP funding. This was a 12.5 percent increase in the TBIP total expenditures from the previous year. [For the previous update, see ED583112.]