The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the relationship between the dependent variable, fiscal responsibility composite scores, and the independent variables enrollment, SACSCOC accreditation status, level of degrees offered, and institution endowment at private 4-year degree-granting HBCUs accredited by SACSCOC for fiscal years 2006-2016. Secondary data were utilized from the U.S. Department of Education, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and annual report data from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC). For the four main research questions posed, the results indicated (a) a significant and positive correlation between fiscal responsibility composite scores and enrollment; (b) there is a significant positive correlation between fiscal responsibility composite scores and the level of degrees offered; (c) a moderately significant association between fiscal responsibility composite scores and endowment; however, the ANOVA revealed the groups of institutions based upon their endowment do not differ with respect to their fiscal responsibility composite scores; and (d) as the chance of probation with SACSCOC increased, the fiscal responsibility composite score decreased. Implications of this study supported private 4-year degree-granting institutions taking into consideration the internal and external environments to promote innovative and creative strategies to improve fiscal health and maintain the ability to fulfill the institutions mission. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]