The purpose of this study was to research the perceptions of teachers concerning the implementation and effectiveness of professional learning communities in a middle school in a rural school district in North Carolina. The data were gathered using the Professional Learning Communities Assessment-Revised (PLCA-R) survey and individual one-on-one interviews. The results of the mixed-methods study demonstrated that teachers had positive perceptions about the implementation and effectiveness of PLCs if done correctly; however, results indicated that a change in culture is needed to ensure effective PLC implementation at this middle school. As part of that change in culture, results indicated the need for positive relationships among teachers, effective and shared leadership by the administrator, collegial inquiry, reflective practice, and shared knowledge via professional learning. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]