Children of immigrants--specifically children under the age of 18 who reside with at least one foreign-born parent--are propelling the growth of the child population in the United States (Pew Research Center, 2015). As of 2017, more than 18 million children in the United States lived with at least one immigrant parent (Migration Policy Institute, 2017). However, current social conditions in the United States (e.g., an anti-immigrant climate, discriminatory social policies, and heightened immigration enforcement) create, maintain, and perpetuate unprecedented challenges for this growing youth population, resulting in short- and long-term negative developmental outcomes. For more than 10 years, the Foundation for Child Development--Young Scholars Program (YSP) has supported policy and practice-relevant research focused on the early learning and developmental needs of children of immigrants. Names highlighted in orange throughout the paper signify YSP scholars. To date, former YSP scholars continue to carry on this important and timely line of inquiry and have generated substantial research. Through a systematic review of research sponsored by the YSP, this paper utilizes a public health framework to situate the physical and mental health and well-being of children in low-income, immigrant families into a broader sociopolitical context. Our nation's current sociopolitical environment demands increased action and investment to protect and promote the future of vulnerable children of immigrants in our society. A social determinants of health approach requires action across multiple settings and domains. Therefore, we highlight YSP research and discuss contextual conditions that may contribute to greater resilience among children of immigrants and present recommendations for action at the familial, school, neighborhood, and public policy levels.