State education agencies (SEAs) are federally mandated to address discrimination in schools, including discrimination in school discipline practices, and SEAs can play an important role in helping schools and districts develop and implement more equitable, data-driven approaches to student discipline. SEAs' ability to identify challenges and offer this support is largely dependent on their access to high-quality data on school discipline. To reduce disparities in school discipline practices, it is important for schools, districts, and SEAs to be able to answer key questions about how discipline is working in their schools and in their states. Important questions for schools, districts, and SEAs seeking to reduce disparities in school discipline practices might include the following: (1) How many students are suspended, expelled, placed in seclusion, or restrained each year? (2) How many students are arrested at school or referred by their school to law enforcement? (3) How many days of instruction are lost to school disciplinary or aversive control actions? (4) How often do schools employ disciplinary or control actions with their students? (5) For which types of offenses are students most often disciplined, and how? (6) Where and when are student offenses most likely to occur? (7) Which teachers refer students for discipline most often, and for which offenses? (8) Which students are at highest risk for being subjected to disciplinary or control measures, or for referral to law enforcement? and (9) What is the impact of school discipline practices on student outcomes?