Globalization, although not a new phenomenon, has had a significant impact on the way the world operates. It has been suggested that 10 events in recent history have led to a "flattening" of the world that has made it easier for smaller countries to gain access to knowledge and compete on a global level. Ireland has reaped the benefits of globalization as a result of its willingness to take risks and transform itself into a desirable location for multinational corporations that infuse countries with much-needed foreign direct investment. In order to maintain relevance in both a global and knowledge-based economy, Ireland has recognized the need to transform its educational system to provide students with 21st-century skills and increased opportunities in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study examined the impact of the use of project-based learning and participation in science competitions, such as SciFest, on the development of skills and opportunities for Irish students. Not all Irish students are receiving these skills due to a current educational policy that places emphasis on a Leaving Certificate that serves as the sole assessment by which students are placed in universities and colleges. As a part of this study, educational policy was examined regarding its impact on students' pursuit of college or career STEM-related fields. The principal findings of this study indicated that globalization and multinational corporations have had an influence on the Irish educational system, with all those involved recognizing the need for 21st-century skills development and STEM opportunities. Study participants stated that inquiry-based instructional experiences are available through involvement in science competitions but should become more prevalent in the classroom. These opportunities to participate in science competitions have had a positive effect on students' choices in their selection of Senior Cycle courses and their future interests in STEM-related fields. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]