This study investigated student learning behaviors in a fully online psychology course in which students controlled their own course content usage. Data collection included students' real usage of the Blackboard course site over three semesters in 2014 and 2015, as well as a course survey at the end of each semester. Data mining techniques, such as decision-making trees and cluster analysis, were applied and four types of learner behaviors were identified. Statistically significant differences on the use of content materials and learning outcomes were found among these four groups. This study revealed that different learning behaviors could be observed when students had full control of their study strategies and preferences. Students felt satisfied with their online learning and their academic performance was correlated with their usage of the content materials. Findings from this study can inform the design of an adaptive online learning environment that supports various types of learners.