This report summarises evidence on progress towards the seven Closing the Gap targets agreed to by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), along with an analysis of the underlying key drivers of change. The COAG targets are set out in the National Indigenous Reform Agreement (NIRA) between the Australian Government and the state and territory governments (COAG 2012). The chapters are ordered according to a lifecourse approach, chapter one presenting an overview, with each chapter proceeding chapter providing detailed information on one of the COAG targets (child mortality target, early childhood education target, school attendance target, literacy and numeracy target, year 12 or equivalent attainment target, employment target, and life expectancy target). [The Information and Evaluation Branch (Indigenous Affairs Group) within the Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet funded this report.]