The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of spirituality in higher education. This literature review explored the role of spirituality in the transformational learning process of students in higher education. In order for transformational learning to be comprehensive and authentic, the spiritual dimension must be considered in the transformative process. Spirituality was introduced in the context of Mezirow's (1981; 1991) transformative learning theory (TLT). However, Mezirow's theory of transformative learning is incomplete. It lacks one critical element that other theorists (Dirkx, 1998; Fowler, 1981) value when it comes to understanding transformational learning in adult learning. That one element is "spirituality" ("or spiritual transformation"). To arrive at an understanding of spirituality that is Christian, the word 'renewal' was examined exegetically (Ephesians 4:17-24), the theological concept of sanctification was explored, and the idea of spiritual transformation that is relational was discussed. The ultimate goal of Christian spirituality is to bring glory to God as the individual (the student/learner) is being restored (renewed, transformed) back to the wholeness that God had intended from the beginning. For this particular literature review, the most important 35 empirical studies out of a pool of 55 were considered. Eventually, 27 empirical studies were considered noteworthy. The recent works of Wollert (2003), Roberts (2009), and Tran (2010) revealed a link between spirituality and the process of transformative learning. For the transformative process to be complete and comprehensive, these studies suggested an expansion of Mezirow's TLT to include spirituality. Studies on spirituality in higher education showed that spirituality has a positive correlation with activities related to student's overall transformative learning and outcome while in college. Leaders in higher education, both in secular and Christian institutions, understand the value of promoting spirituality in the life of the college student. Spirituality as an essential element of the student's transformational learning in secular higher education is not only rational but also practical. More specifically, spirituality in Christian higher education (both on-campus and online) is an absolutely essential element in the student's transformative learning development and outcome, and for that reason, it should not be overlooked. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]