The goal of this document is to provide relevant information to the education community as it considers alternatives to free- and reduced-price meal (FRP) eligibility data as a proxy for individual student and family socioeconomic status (SES). It provides "encyclopedia-type" entries for eight different alternative SES measures and, as such, will help readers better understand the implications of collecting and interpreting a range of SES-related data in education agencies. More specifically, it strives to: (1) explain the context of SES data collection and use in administrative records systems in the education community; (2) describe the benefits, challenges, and limitations of plausible SES alternatives; (3) emphasize standard definitions and calculations for SES alternatives in order to encourage comparability; and (4) recommend good practices for adopting and implementing new SES elements in education agencies and data systems. It should be noted that this document focuses on the needs and possible solutions for administrative records in education data systems and does not reflect the full spectrum of opportunities available to the research community. Chapter 1 reviews recent changes in how SES data are collected in many education agencies and presents a call to action to the education community. Chapter 2 reviews practical steps an agency can take to adopt new measures. Chapter 3 describes each of the eight alternative measures, including potential benefits, challenges, and limitations of each option.