One of Africa's treasures is ethnic diversity. Urbanization, escalating migration trends, and cross-border education have increased the multicultural composition of university classrooms. Recent studies of diversity in African universities revealed underlying tensions and stereotypes amongst students, but conceptual change theories underscore the benefit of elaboration and exchange of alternative perspectives that make multicultural discussion ideal for learning. The purpose of this study was to understand how sociocultural factors impact specific components of students' elaborative participation in multicultural problem-based case study discussion groups in a university course in Africa. This qualitative study used the ethnographic microanalysis of classroom interaction methodology to explore small group discussion in a Kenyan setting. Four multicultural small groups were video recorded over eight discussion sessions. Video stimulated recall interviews and semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 participants from nine countries. Each data source was analyzed and coded for themes and then group data sources were compared. The study showed that students' transitional backgrounds created acculturation experiences that impacted their capacity to form an environment of extended inclusion. Based on divergent expectations and capacity students co-constructed unique learning communities that ranged from limited inclusion to extended inclusion and from simple to complex integration skills. The major factor impacting inclusion was participants' approaches to traditional hierarchical status rather than their attitudes toward ethnicity. This study contributes toward greater understanding of acculturative influences on multicultural small group discussion in Africa and highlights students' aspirations for being included in discussion and having their contributions respected and engaged. Additionally, the study demonstrates multicultural students' shared responsibility for co-constructing inclusion. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com.bibliotheek.ehb.be/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]