The report presents the data from the 2016 Census on the education of Canadians. In 2016, 22.4% of the Canadian population aged 25 to 64 had a college diploma as the highest educational qualification, compared with an estimated 8% among Organization for Economic Cooperation Development countries overall. In 2016, 40.7% of young women aged 25 to 34 had a bachelor's degree or higher, up from 32.8% in 2006. Young men have responded to job opportunities and earnings incentives by moving into the skilled trades sector. The proportion of young men with an apprenticeship certificate increased from 4.9% in 2006 to 7.8% in 2016. First Nations people, Métis and Inuit all made gains in postsecondary education at every level. In 2016, 10.9% of Aboriginal people overall aged 25 to 64 had a bachelor's degree or higher, up from 7.7% in 2006. The proportion of Aboriginal people with a college diploma rose from 18.7% in 2006 to 23.0% in 2016. In 2016, gains in education were also evident among mothers in lone-parent families and refugees. A higher proportion (20.4%) of lone mothers aged 25 to 64 in 2016 had a bachelor's degree or higher, up from 14.7% in 2006. Close to one-third (31.5%) of refugees who became permanent residents in Canada upgraded their educational credentials after arriving in the country. Over half of recent immigrants who landed in the five years prior to the 2016 Census had a bachelor's degree or higher. With an aging Canadian population and growing demand for knowledge and skills to meet the needs of the labour market, postsecondary education is critical to a prosperous future for Canada. Whether they have a degree in medicine or nursing, the majority of young graduates in health fields at all levels of education are women and they are finding work that matches their studies. Young graduates in engineering or computer and information sciences are also very likely to work in occupations closely related to their studies. Among the provinces, the four largest ones (Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta and Quebec), along with Nova Scotia, had the highest proportions of the adult population aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor's degree or higher. The highest proportions of the population with a college diploma were found in the four Atlantic provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia).